美洲大蠊提取物CⅡ-3纳米粒对免疫力低下小鼠的免疫调节作用

研究美洲大蠊(俗称蟑螂)提取物CⅡ-3纳米粒对免疫力低下小鼠免疫功能的改善作用。制备美洲大蠊提取物CⅡ-3纳米粒,并建立免疫功能低下小鼠模型,将小鼠随机分为正常对照组和模型组(灌胃生理盐水,0.2mL/10g),辅料组(灌胃空白纳米粒,40mg/kg,0.2mL/10g),阳性对照组(灌胃左旋咪唑,40mg/kg,0.2mL/10g),CⅡ-3组(灌胃美洲大蠊提取物CⅡ-3,40mg/kg,0.2mL/10g),CⅡ-3纳米粒5个剂量组(灌胃美洲大蠊提取物CⅡ-3纳米粒10、20、40、80、160mg/kg,0.2mL/10g),各组连续给药15d后,检测小鼠外周血白细胞、红细胞、血小板;脏器指数;巨噬细胞吞噬功能;血清中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM的含量。研究结果显示,CⅡ-3纳米粒各剂量组均可以显著提高免疫低下小鼠的白细胞数量(P<0.05);能显著提高免疫力低下小鼠的肝脏、脾脏和胸腺指数(P<0.01);可显著提高其巨噬细胞吞噬能力(P<0.05)和免疫力低下小鼠血清中IgG、IgM的含量(P<0.01),说明CⅡ-3纳米粒有改善免疫力低下小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

The effect of copper nanoparticles and copper (II) salt on redox reactions and epigenetic changes in a rat model

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a diet containing different levels of Cu in two different chemical forms (carbonate and nanoparticles) on redox reactions and epigenetic changes in a rat model. For 4 weeks, five experimental groups (eight rats in each) were fed diets with two dosages of added Cu (standard—6.5 mg/kg or half of the standard dosage—3.25 mg/kg, and as a negative control no additional Cu in the mineral mixture) in two forms (standard—CuCO₃ and copper nanoparticles). Addition of Cu nanoparticles resulted in higher Cp (ceruloplasmin) activity and LOOH (lipid peroxides) and MDA (malondialdehyde) content, as well as decrease the CAT (catalase) activity and level of PC (protein carbonyl), 3‐NT (3‐nitrotyrosine), 8‐OHdG (8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine), GSH + GSSG (total glutathione) and DNA methylation. Reducing the dose of copper resulted in a decrease in the level of LOOH and GSH + GSSG as well as CAT activity, but increased the level of PC and methylated DNA. Based on these evidence, we concluded that addition of copper nanoparticles in the diet reduces protein oxidation and nitration as well as DNA oxidation and methylation. Lowering the level of Cu in the diet increases the oxidation of proteins and DNA methylation.     

原位合成纳米金/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极检测水和土壤中痕量铅

为提高痕量铅的检测精度,提出了一种简单、可控的一步还原法在裸玻碳电极表面原位合成纳米金/石墨烯材料的方法,并通过循环伏安法(cyclic voltammetry,CV)对修饰电极进行电化学表征。利用修饰后的电极对醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中的铅离子(Pb(Ⅱ))标准样品进行检测,并对检测条件进行了优化。优化条件下的试验结果表明,在pH值为4.5的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,Pb(Ⅱ)的溶出峰为-0.08 V,在1～90μg/L范围内Pb(Ⅱ)的溶出峰电流与Pb(Ⅱ)浓度之间呈现良好的线性关系(R~2=0.985),最小检测下限为0.27μg/L。在优化后的条件下采用该电极测定了实际水样与土壤中的Pb(Ⅱ)含量,加标回收率区间分别为93.75%～109.20%和93.82%～109.9%,相对标准偏差均小于7%,可以用于对实际水样与土壤样本的检测。     

基于核酸适配体的阳离子聚合物聚集纳米金比色法检测水中睾酮

利用核酸适配体对睾酮特异性识别功能以及阳离子聚合物PDDA(poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride,PDDA)聚集纳米金特性,建立了一种高灵敏度、高特异性测定睾酮的定量方法。在最优实验条件[10 mmol/L PB缓冲溶液(pH 7.4),孵育温度25℃,6nmol/L PDDA,6nmol/L睾酮核酸适配体]下,体系吸光度比值A_(650)/A_(520)与睾酮浓度C呈良好的线性关系,决定系数R2为0.995。该方法可检测睾酮浓度范围为2.27nmol/L~1.8μmol/L,最低检测限为2.27nmol/L,将本方法应用于检测自来水睾酮含量,加标回收率为99.81%~105.04%。本方法具有检测范围广、成本低、操作简便、检测灵敏等优点,具有良好实际应用前景。     

肉桂精油壳聚糖纳米粒在冷却肉保藏中的应用

【目的】制备肉桂精油壳聚糖纳米粒,以扩大肉桂精油(CEO)在冷却肉保鲜中的应用范围,克服其易挥发的缺陷。【方法】采用离子凝胶法制备肉桂精油壳聚糖纳米粒。通过透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)对肉桂精油壳聚糖纳米粒的形态进行表征,测定其包封率。分别配制质量分数为3%和6%的肉桂精油壳聚糖纳米粒保鲜剂(CEO质量分数分别为0.2%和1.0%),用其处理冷却猪肉,检测其对肉样色泽(L值、a*值、b*值)、TBARS值、pH和菌落总数的影响。【结果】制备的肉桂精油壳聚糖纳米粒颗粒大小均匀、形态饱满、呈规则球形,冻干后形态仍较为均匀,包封率为(37.5±2.1)%。通过对冷却肉色泽、TBARS值、pH及菌落总数的分析得知,包埋质量分数1.0%肉桂精油的肉桂精油壳聚糖纳米粒试验组的冷却肉在(4±0.5)℃时储藏期可达到6d。【结论】制备的肉桂精油壳聚糖纳米粒表征良好,可在一定程度上延长冷却肉的贮藏期。     

Effects of silver nanoparticles on the microbiota and enzyme activity in soil

To assess the impact of silver nanoparticles (SNP) on soil microbial biomass, microbial activity, and enzyme activities, a medium‐term experiment over four months was performed in which soil was applied with increasing SNP‐application rates compared to a control. The treatments included a single SNP‐application dose analogous to 3.2 (SNP‐1), 32 (SNP‐10), and 320 (SNP‐100) μg Ag (kg dry soil)^–1 and a control without SNP application, respectively. At the end of the experiment, clear evidence was found that microbial biomass was significantly decreased with increasing SNP‐application rate, while basal respiration was increased in this direction. In addition, metabolic quotients were increased in the SNP treatments compared to the control. This is at least circumstantial evidence that the efficiency of substrate use was lowered in SNP‐treated soils. Another suggestion might be that after four months microbial‐community composition was changed due to SNP. No treatment effects were found for microbial biomass N, fluorimetric enzymes, and the abiotic soil parameters pH and soil organic C.     

金属纳米颗粒对蛋白核小球藻生长活性的影响

研究了金属Fe、Ni纳米颗粒对蛋白核小球藻Chlorella pyrenoidosa生长活性的影响,探讨了金属纳米材料的生物安全性问题。结果表明：Fe、Ni金属纳米颗粒不仅能吸附在藻细胞表面,造成其团聚沉淀,而且还能进入细胞内部,引起细胞的形变和结构损伤,从而抑制了小球藻的正常生长,降低小球藻的生物量,对小球藻具有一定的毒性效应。     

磁性纳米粒子的制备及在转基因大豆检测中的应用

利用热分解法和表面4-羧基苯硼酸修饰,制备了用于转基因大豆提取基因组DNA的纳米粒子。制备的纳米粒子分散性好,磁响应性高。对比磁性纳米粒子和植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取转基因大豆基因组DNA的提取效果,结果表明,磁性纳米粒子提取转基因大豆基因组DNA的浓度明显高于试剂盒,实时荧光PCR检测转基因大豆的Ct值低于植物基因组提取试剂盒。     

纳米标记免疫层析法在农药残留检测中的应用研究进展

农药残留超标已成为影响农产品质量安全的重要问题,迫切需要探寻开发灵敏、准确、可靠、便捷且适用性强的农药残留快速检测方法。免疫层析法是将抗原抗体特异性免疫反应和色谱层析分离技术相结合的一种快速检测方法,其中,基于胶体金标记的免疫层析技术以其便捷、成本低、可视化等优点而受到普遍欢迎。近年来随着量子点、时间分辨荧光微球、上转换发光纳米粒子等新型纳米标记材料的出现,免疫层析技术得到了广泛发展。文章从标记类型（非共价作用标记及共价作用标记）及标记材料（胶体金、纳米碳、量子点、上转换发光纳米粒子、磁性纳米颗粒、时间分辨荧光微球及荧光乳胶颗粒）等方面,综述了不同纳米材料标记的免疫层析技术及其在农药残留检测领域的研究及应用进展,可为深入开展农药残留免疫层析技术研究提供参考。